From f57eab2e3e717f81a8e3063295e927319eddafa8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: =?UTF-8?q?Lukas=20F=C3=BCrderer?= <l.fuerderer@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 25 Feb 2024 16:29:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] Create a first draft of the blockchain class

---
 .gitignore    |  1 +
 blockchain.py | 92 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 2 files changed, 93 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .gitignore
 create mode 100644 blockchain.py

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0d20b64
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+*.pyc
diff --git a/blockchain.py b/blockchain.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e5f289a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/blockchain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric.ed25519 import Ed25519PrivateKey, Ed25519PublicKey
+from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidSignature
+import hashlib
+import time
+
+@dataclass
+class Transaction:
+    id: int
+    sender: bytes
+    receiver: bytes
+    amount: int
+    transaction_fee: int
+    signature: bytes
+
+    def is_valid(self):
+        sender_pubkey = Ed25519PublicKey.from_public_bytes(self.sender)
+        msg = self.id.to_bytes(4, "big") + \
+            self.sender + \
+            self.receiver + \
+            self.amount.to_bytes(8, "big") + \
+            self.transaction_fee(8, "big")
+        try:
+            sender_pubkey.verify(self.signature, msg)
+        except InvalidSignature:
+            return False
+        return self.amount >= 1
+    def is_valid_after_block(self, block):
+        if (self.sender, self.id) in block.used_transaction_ids:
+            return False
+        balance = block.balances.get(self.sender)
+        if balance is None:
+            return False
+        return balance >= self.amount + self.transaction_fee
+
+@dataclass
+class FullBlock:
+    nonce: int
+    timestamp: int
+    previous_hash: bytes
+    message: bytes
+    difficulty_sum: int
+    miner_pubkey: bytes
+    transaction: Transaction
+    balances: dict
+    # (sender_pubkey, id) tuples
+    used_transaction_ids: set
+
+    def is_valid(self, blockchain):
+        if self.transaction is not None:
+            if not self.transaction.is_valid():
+                return False
+        if self.previous_hash != 32 * b"\0":
+            prev_block = blockchain.get_block(self.previous_hash)
+            if type(prev_block) is not FullBlock:
+                return False
+            if self.timestamp <= prev_block.timestamp:
+                return False
+            if self.timestamp > time.time():
+                return False
+            if not self.transaction.is_valid_after_block(prev_block):
+                return False
+        elif self.transaction is not None:
+            return False
+        B_1_difficulty_sum, B_1_timestamp = self.get_difficulty_info(1, blockchain)
+        B_10_difficulty_sum, B_10_timestamp = self.get_difficulty_info(10, blockchain)
+        D = B_1_difficulty_sum - B_10_difficulty_sum
+        T = self.timestamp - B_10_timestamp
+        calculated_difficulty = D * 3000 // 9 // T
+        block_difficulty = max(calculated_difficulty, 2**28)
+        if B_1_difficulty_sum + block_difficulty != self.difficulty_sum:
+            return False
+        block_raw = self.get_block_raw()
+        block_hash = hashlib.sha256(block_raw).digest()
+        return int.from_bytes(block_hash, "big") * block_difficulty < 2**256
+    def get_difficulty_info(self, steps, blockchain):
+        if steps == 0:
+            return self.difficulty_sum, self.timestamp
+        if self.previous_hash == 32 * b"\0":
+            difficulty_sum = 2**29 - steps * 2**28
+            timestamp = self.timestamp - steps * 300
+            return difficulty_sum, timestamp
+        else:
+            previous_block = blockchain.get_block(self.previous_hash)
+            return previous_block.get_difficulty_info(steps-1, blockchain)
+
+class Blockchain:
+    def __init__(self):
+        # maps block hashes to block instances
+        self.__block_map = {}
+    def get_block(self, hash):
+        return self.__block_map.get(hash)